[Two Cases of Parkinson's Disease Accompanied with Nasogastric Tube Syndrome].

We report 2 cases of patients with Parkinson's disease who exhibited bilateral vocal cord paralysis induced by an indwelling nasogastric tube (N-G tube). Both patients showed abrupt inspiratory stridor after N-G tube placement. A fiberoptic laryngeal examination revealed bilateral vocal cord abductor paralysis (VCAP). After N-G tube removal, patient symptoms improved. Nasogastric tube syndrome (NGTS) is an uncommon but life-threatening syndrome that causes sore throat and bilateral VCAP following N-G tube insertion. Throat pain is considered an important early manifestation of NGTS. However, in cases of advanced Parkinson's disease, subjective symptoms of NGTS, such as throat pain, may be difficult to recognize. We here report 2 patients with parkinson's disease accompanied by NGTS with literature review and proposed that inspiratory strider is a useful objective symptom in early diagnosing of NGTS. (Received March 25, 2020; Accepted May 18, 2020; Published September 1, 2020).

Involvement of mitoKATP channel in protective mechanisms of cerebral ischemic tolerance.

Little work has been performed to determine roles of mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channels (mitoK(ATP)) in ischemic preconditioning (IPC) in brain. To investigate the role on cerebral IPC, we examined effect of 5-hydroxydecanoate (5-HD), a selective mitoK(ATP) blocker, and diazoxide (DZX), a selective mitoK(ATP) opener on various IPC models. An IPC model with gerbil: 2 min bilateral common carotid arteries occlusion (BLCO)+24 h recovery+5 min BLCO. 5-HD, DZX, vehicle was administered 30 min before 5 min BLCO. Seven days later, surviving CA1 neurons were counted. A focal IPC model with rat: 15 min middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)+48 h recovery+90 min MCAO. Twenty-four hours before 90 min MCAO, 5-HD, DZX, or vehicle was administered. One day after 90 min MCAO, neurological symptoms and infarct volumes were evaluated. An in vitro IPC model with primary neuronal cultures: 8 min oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)+24 h recovery+70 min OGD. Thirty minutes before 70 min OGD, 5-HD or DZX were added. One day later, surviving neurons were counted. Mitochondrial membrane potential was also monitored. 5-HD significantly attenuated the protective effect of IPC in gerbil model, rat model, and in vitro OGD model. DZX significantly facilitated the protective effect of IPC in gerbil and rat model. The mitochondrial membranes were depolarized with IPC, and 5-HD treatment significantly reduced this effect. These results strongly suggest that mitoK(ATP) channel activation plays a key role in development of a protective mechanism of cerebral IPC.

Urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine and serum S100beta in acute cardioembolic stroke patients.

OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to explore whether free radical damage against DNA exists or not, in human stroke patients. METHOD: Urinary 8-hyroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and serum S100beta were measured in acute cardioembolic stroke patients with relatively severe symptoms. During days 3--5 after the onset of stroke, urine was collected for 24 hours for 8-OHdG measurement and serum was sampled for S100beta analysis every day. RESULTS: The total urinary 8-OHdG content was significantly higher in stroke patients than in non-stroke inpatients (p<0.01). The average value was more than twice the value of that of non-stroke inpatients. The total urinary 8-OHdG contents showed significant correlation (r=0.87, p<0.01) with serum S100beta values, which are reportedly related to brain damage. DISCUSSION: These findings suggest that urinary 8-OHdG in acute stroke patients may originate from brain tissue, and DNA damage also exists in the brain of stroke patients.